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《崩溃:社会如何选择成败兴亡》第十五章

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有关石油业的发展史和前景展望可参看下列两本书:Kenneth Deffeyes写的Hubbert's Peak:The Impending World Oil Shortage(Princeton, N.J.:Princeton University Press, 2001)和Paul Roberts的The End of Oil(Boston:Houghton Mifflin, 2004)。业界的视角可从一些大型国际石油公司的网站来了解, 如雪佛龙德士古的www.chevrontexaco.corn。

有关采矿业的真实情况,读者可关注几家主要的矿产公司共同发起的一项名为“Mining, Minerals, and Sustainable Development”的计划,相关出版物有Breaking New Ground:Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development(London:Earthscan, 2002);以及Alistair MacDonald的Industry in Transition:A Profile of the North American Mining Sector(Winnipeg:International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2002)。其他数据还有华盛顿矿业政策中心的出版物,如最近更名为Earthworks的杂志(网址:www.mineralpolicy.org)。探讨采矿业环境问题的专著有:Duane Smith的Mining America:The Industry and the Environment, 1800-1980(Boulder:University Press of Colorado, 1993);Thomas Power写的Lost Landscapes and Failed Economies:The Search for a Value of Place(Washington, D.C.:Island Press, 1996);Jerrold Marcus编辑的Mining Environmental Handbook:Effects of Mining on the Environment and American Environmental Controls on Mining(London:Imperial College Press, 1997);以及Al Gedicks的Resource Rebels:Native Challenges to Mining and Oil Corporations(Cambridge, Mass:South End Press, 2001)。下列两本书讲述了巴布亚新几内亚布根维尔岛铜矿开采业经营失利的情况:M.O'Callaghan写的Enemies Within:Papua New Guinea, Australia, and the Sandline Crisis:The Inside Story(Sydney:Doubleday, 1999);和Donald Denoon写的Getting Under the Skin:The Bougainville Copper Agreement and Creation of the Panguna Mine(Melbourne:Melbourne University Press, 2000)。

有关森林认证的信息,请登录森林管理委员会的网站:www.fscus.org。如果想了解森林管理委员会与其他认证系统的区别,可以参阅Saskia Ozinga的Behind the Logs:An Environmental and Social Assessment of Forest Certification Schemes(Moreton-in-Marsh, UK:Fern, 2001)。关于森林砍伐史,可参考下列两本书:John Perlin的A Forest Journey:The Role of Wood in the Development of Civilization(New York:Norton, 1989)和Michael Williams写的Deforesting the Earth:From Prehistory to Global Crisis(Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 2003)。

有关渔业养殖证的信息,可以登录海洋管理委员会的网站:www.msc.org。Howard M.Johnson(网站:www.hmj.com)写了一系列名为美国水产业的年报(Jacksonville, Ore.:Howard Johnson, annually)。在Jason Clay 的World Agriculture and the Environment:A Commodity-by-Commodity Guide to Impacts and Practices(Washington, D.C.:Island Press, 2004)一书中,有两章专门探讨虾和鲑鱼的水产养殖。有关总体或个别鱼类过度捕捞的问题,可以参看下列四本书籍:Mark Kurlansky的Cod:A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World(New York:Walker, 1997);Suzanne Ludicello、Michael Weber与Robert Wreland的Fish, Markets, and the Fishermen:The Economics of Overfishing(Washington, D.C.:Island Press, 1999);David Montgomery写的King of Fish:The Thousand-Year Run of Salmon(New York:Westview, 2003);以及Daniel Pauly与Jay Maclean的In a Perfect Ocean(Washington, D.C.:Island Press, 2003)。相关论文可参看Jeremy Jackson等人发表的“Historical overfishing and thc recent collapse of coastal ecosystems”(Science 293:629-638(2001))。Ronald Hits等人在他们的报告“Global assessment of organic contaminates in farmed salmon”(Science 303:226-229(2004))中提出人工养殖的三文鱼比野生三文鱼含有的毒素更高。

如果不了解企业在竞争激烈的商界生存的艰难,就很难理解企业采用的环境措施。就这一主题,如下三本书可供参考:Thomas Peters、Robert Waterman Jr合著的In Search of Excellence:Lessons from America's Best-Run Companies(New York:HarperCollins, 1982, republished in 2004);Robert Waterman Jr.的The Renewal Factor:How the Best Get and Keep the Competitive Edge(Toronto:Bantam Books, 1987);以及Robert Waterman Jr.写的Adhocracy:The Power to Change(New York:Norton, 1990)。

探讨企业经营与环境保护两者如何兼顾的书籍有Tedd Saunders与Loretta McGovern合著的The Bottom Line of Green Is Black:Strategies for Creating Profitable and Environmentally Sound Businesses(San Francisco:HarperSanFrancisco, 1993);以及Jem Bendell编辑的Terms for Endearmen:Business NGOs and Sustainable Development(Sheffield, UK:Greenleaf, 2000)。